Real-Time Tracking: Tools like GIS can track the real-time spread of diseases, allowing for timely interventions. Cluster Detection: They help in identifying clusters of cases, which can indicate sources of outbreaks or areas needing targeted interventions. Resource Allocation: Mapping tools can identify areas with the greatest need for medical resources, vaccines, or public health campaigns. Risk Assessment: By overlaying disease data with environmental and demographic factors, these tools help in assessing the risk and vulnerability of different populations.