Serological tests work by detecting antibodies or antigens in the blood. When a person is exposed to a pathogen, their immune system produces antibodies specific to that pathogen. These antibodies can be detected using various methods such as ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay), rapid diagnostic tests, and Western blotting. The detection of antibodies indicates either a current or past infection, depending on the type of antibody identified.
