Chronic diseases, such as cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases, can be influenced by pH levels. Tumor microenvironments, for instance, often exhibit acidic pH, which promotes cancer cell survival and proliferation. Similarly, systemic acidosis, a condition characterized by increased blood acidity, is linked to metabolic disorders like diabetes. Epidemiological studies often involve monitoring pH levels to identify risk factors, understand pathogenesis, and develop therapeutic strategies for these chronic conditions.