Pathogens have developed various mechanisms to survive and spread in the environment and within hosts. These mechanisms include:
Adhesion: Pathogens possess specific molecules that allow them to adhere to host cells. Invasion: Some pathogens can penetrate host tissues and evade the immune system. Replication: Pathogens replicate within host cells or extracellularly, increasing their numbers. Evasion of Immune Response: Pathogens can avoid detection or destruction by the host's immune system through various strategies, such as antigenic variation or secretion of immunosuppressive molecules.
