Observational studies do not involve any intervention by the researcher. Instead, they simply observe and analyze existing conditions and behaviors. For instance:
Cohort studies: Follow a group of people over time to assess the development of disease in relation to various exposures. Case-control studies: Compare individuals with a disease (cases) to those without it (controls) to identify potential risk factors. Cross-sectional studies: Collect data at a single point in time to examine the prevalence of diseases or risk factors.
