The emergence of novel pathogens can be attributed to multiple factors, often working in combination:
1. Zoonotic Transmission: Many novel pathogens, such as the Ebola virus and H1N1 influenza, originate in animals and are transmitted to humans. This process is known as zoonosis. 2. Genetic Mutation and Recombination: Pathogens, especially viruses, can undergo rapid genetic changes. These mutations can result in new, more virulent strains that humans have never encountered before. 3. Environmental Changes: Deforestation, climate change, and urbanization can disrupt ecosystems, bringing humans into closer contact with wildlife and increasing the chances of zoonotic spillover.
