There are several mechanisms through which new pathogens can emerge:
Mutation: Genetic changes can make existing pathogens more virulent or capable of infecting new hosts. Zoonosis: Pathogens can jump from animals to humans, often facilitated by close contact with wildlife or livestock. Recombination: Exchange of genetic material between different organisms can create new pathogen strains. Environmental changes: Climate change, deforestation, and urbanization can alter ecosystems and facilitate the spread of pathogens.
