Microarrays consist of a solid surface onto which DNA probes are affixed in an orderly manner. These probes can hybridize with complementary DNA or RNA samples, allowing for the detection and quantification of specific sequences. The process typically involves:
1. Sample Preparation: Extracting DNA or RNA from the biological sample. 2. Labeling: The nucleic acids are labeled with fluorescent dyes. 3. Hybridization: The labeled nucleic acids are hybridized to the probes on the microarray. 4. Scanning: A scanner detects the fluorescent signals, indicating the presence and abundance of specific sequences.
