How do Epidemiologists Study Communicable Diseases?

Epidemiologists use various methods to study the spread and control of communicable diseases:

Surveillance: Continuous, systemic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health-related data.
Outbreak Investigation: Determining the cause, source, and spread of an outbreak.
Field Epidemiology: On-the-ground research and response to health crises.
Modeling: Using mathematical models to predict the spread and impact of diseases.
Laboratory Studies: Identifying pathogens and understanding their biology and transmission mechanisms.