Exposure to airborne contaminants can lead to a range of health issues, from mild respiratory irritation to severe diseases. Short-term exposure can cause symptoms like coughing, sneezing, and shortness of breath, while long-term exposure may lead to chronic conditions such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cardiovascular diseases, and even lung cancer. Vulnerable populations such as children, the elderly, and individuals with pre-existing health conditions are particularly at risk.