1. Vaccination: Immunization can provide protection against specific pathogens, reducing transmission rates. 2. Hygiene Practices: Regular handwashing and use of sanitizers can minimize direct and indirect contact transmission. 3. Quarantine and Isolation: Separating infected individuals can prevent the spread of disease to healthy individuals. 4. Vector Control: Measures such as insecticide use and removing stagnant water can reduce vector-borne disease transmission. 5. Public Health Interventions: Policies and programs aimed at improving sanitation, promoting health education, and providing healthcare services are crucial.