Standardization: Use of standardized definitions and methodologies to ensure consistency across studies and over time. Training: Adequate training for data collectors to minimize errors and ensure accuracy. Technology: Utilization of advanced technologies like electronic health records (EHRs) and data management systems to improve accuracy and completeness. Validation: Implementing validation procedures to cross-check data from multiple sources. Quality Control: Continuous quality control measures such as audits and peer reviews to identify and correct errors.
