Clinical evaluation: Assessment of symptoms, medical history, and physical examination. Laboratory tests: Tests such as sputum cultures, blood tests, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) can identify specific pathogens. Imaging studies: Chest X-rays, CT scans, and other imaging techniques help visualize the lungs and airways. Spirometry: This test measures lung function and is commonly used to diagnose conditions like asthma and COPD.
