In vivo studies in epidemiology can involve clinical trials, animal models, and field studies.
Clinical Trials: These involve human participants and are often used to test new treatments or interventions. Animal Models: These studies use animals to understand disease mechanisms and test interventions before they are applied to humans. Field Studies: Observational studies conducted in real-world settings, such as communities or specific populations, to gather data on disease prevalence, risk factors, and the effectiveness of public health interventions.
