Water Treatment - Epidemiology

What is Water Treatment?

Water treatment refers to the processes used to make water suitable for specific end-uses such as drinking, industrial processes, medical uses, and others. Its primary goal is to remove or reduce contaminants to acceptable levels to ensure the water is safe for consumption and use.

Why is Water Treatment Important in Epidemiology?

Water treatment plays a crucial role in epidemiology by preventing the spread of waterborne diseases. Contaminated water can harbor various pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, and parasites, which can cause diseases such as cholera, dysentery, and typhoid. Effective water treatment reduces the incidence of these diseases, thereby improving public health.

Methods of Water Treatment

There are several methods of water treatment, each with its unique advantages and applications. Some common methods include:

Filtration: Removes particles, sediments, and some microorganisms from water.
Chlorination: Involves adding chlorine to kill bacteria and viruses.
Ultraviolet (UV) Treatment: Uses UV light to inactivate pathogens.
Ozonation: Uses ozone gas to disinfect water.
Reverse Osmosis: Removes dissolved salts, bacteria, and other impurities.

Challenges in Water Treatment

Despite its importance, water treatment faces several challenges:

Cost: Advanced treatment methods can be expensive, making it difficult for low-income communities to implement them.

Relevant Publications

Growth fitness, virulence, and heat tolerance of Salmonella Typhimurium variants resistant to food preservation methods.

Issue Release: 2024

Effects of red-light irradiation and melatonin injection on the antioxidant capacity and occurrence of apoptosis in abalones (Haliotis discus hannai) subjected to thermal stress.

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Photocatalytic removal of some selected antibiotics in polluted water system by graphitic carbon nitride-enhanced vanadium ferrite (VFeO@g-CN).

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A review of pollution-based real-time modelling and control for sewage systems.

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Robustness of intensity modulated proton treatment of esophageal cancer for anatomical changes and breathing motion.

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Hybrid bilayered vanadium oxide electrodes with large and tunable interlayer distances in lithium-ion batteries.

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Study of the effect of heat temperature on the chemical changes and hygroscopicity of eucalyptus wood by FT-IR and prediction of mechanical properties by the MLR regression method.

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Investigation of doxycycline residues in bones after oral administration to broiler chickens.

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Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation as a Bridge Therapy Prior to Surgery in a Patient With Echinococcus Cyst Rupture: A Case Report and Literature Review.

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Analysis of Fatigue Crack Nucleation in Double-Network Hydrogels.

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Effect of Post-Printing Conditions on the Mechanical and Optical Properties of 3D-Printed Dental Resin.

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Investigations on cavitation flow and vorticity transport in a jet pump cavitation reactor with variable area ratios.

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Molecular-level insights into dissolved organic matter and its variations of the full-scale processes in a typical petrochemical wastewater treatment plant.

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Naphthalene Ball Ingestion Leading to Intravascular Hemolysis and Acute Kidney Injury.

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Butyrate promotes visceral hypersensitivity in IBS model via mast cell-derived DRG neuron lincRNA-01028-PKC-TRPV1 pathway.

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Preclinical antidiabetic and antioxidant effects of (benth.) harms in streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy.

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Europium-tannic acid nanocomplexes devised for bone regeneration under oxidative or inflammatory environments.

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Optimizing water relations, gas exchange parameters, biochemical attributes and yield of water-stressed maize plants through seed priming with iron oxide nanoparticles.

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[Terminalia chebula water extract reduces joint inflammation by regulating cellular immunity in spleen cells of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) rats through up-regulation of PD-1/PD-L1].

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Comprehensive approach to in silico identification and in vitro validation of anti-filarial hit molecules targeting the dimer interface of thioredoxin peroxidase 1 in Wuchereria bancrofti: a progress in anti-filariasis drug development.

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