How Prevalent is VVC?
VVC is a widespread condition, affecting approximately 75% of women at least once in their lifetime. Recurrent VVC (RVVC), defined as four or more episodes in one year, affects about 5-8% of women. The prevalence varies by geographic location, age, and other
risk factors.
Antibiotic use which disrupts normal vaginal flora.
Diabetes, particularly if poorly controlled.
Hormonal changes during pregnancy or from contraceptive use.
Immunosuppression from conditions like HIV/AIDS or medications.
Wearing tight or non-breathable clothing.
How is VVC Diagnosed?
Diagnosis typically involves a clinical examination and laboratory tests such as wet mount microscopy, culture, or
PCR to identify Candida species. A thorough history and symptom assessment are also crucial in distinguishing VVC from other causes of vulvovaginitis.
Maintaining good vaginal hygiene.
Wearing breathable, cotton underwear.
Avoiding unnecessary antibiotic use.
Managing blood sugar levels in diabetic individuals.
Using probiotics to maintain a healthy vaginal microbiome.
What is the Epidemiological Impact?
VVC has significant epidemiological implications due to its high prevalence and impact on quality of life. It also poses a considerable public health burden given the cost of treatment and potential for
antifungal resistance. Studies indicate an increasing incidence of non-albicans Candida species, which are often more resistant to standard treatments.
What are the Research Directions?
Ongoing research focuses on better understanding the pathogenesis of VVC, the role of the vaginal microbiome, and the development of more effective treatment and prevention strategies. There is also a growing interest in the impact of lifestyle and dietary factors on VVC risk.
