- Database Management Systems (DBMS): Tools like MySQL, PostgreSQL, and MongoDB are used to store and manage large datasets. - Statistical Software: Programs like SPSS, SAS, and STATA help in data analysis. - Data Visualization Tools: Software such as Tableau and PowerBI are used to create visual representations of data. - Data Cleaning Tools: OpenRefine and Trifacta are examples of tools that assist in cleaning and preparing data for analysis.