Patient characteristics are typically collected through:
Surveys and Questionnaires: These are used to gather self-reported data on lifestyle, behaviors, and demographics. Medical Records: Clinical and medical history is often extracted from electronic health records (EHRs). Biological Samples: Biomarkers and genetic information can be obtained from blood, saliva, or other biological samples. Environmental Monitoring: Data on environmental exposures can be collected through sensors and other monitoring devices.
